tcsc3952 ETC-1002

ETC-1002 is an activator of hepatic AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK).

IC50 & Target: AMPK^[1]

In Vitro: ETC-1002 free acid activates AMP-activated protein kinase in a Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent kinase β-independent and liver kinase β 1-dependent manner, without detectable changes in adenylate energy charge. ETC-1002 is shown to rapidly form a CoA thioester in liver, which directly inhibits ATP-citrate lyase^[1]. In cells treated with ETC-1002, increased levels of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation coincide with reduced activity of MAP kinases and decreased production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines^[2].

In Vivo: A marked and sustained increase in AMPK and ACC phosphorylation is found in rat livers following two weeks of treatment with ETC-1002. ETC-1002 free acid is >100-fold more prevalent than the CoA thioester in rat liver and is associated with AMPK activation^[1]. ETC-1002 suppresses thioglycollate-induced homing of leukocytes into mouse peritoneal cavity. In a mouse model of diet-induced obesity, ETC-1002 restores adipose AMPK activity, reduces JNK phosphorylation, and diminishes expression of macrophage-specific marker 4F/80^[2].