tcsc1851 Metformin (hydrochloride)

Metformin (hydrochloride) is a first-line drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and there is increasing evidence of a potential efficacy of this agent as an anti-cancer drug.

In Vitro: Metformin inhibits proliferation of ESCs in a concentration-dependent manner. The IC₅₀ is 2.45 mM for A-ESCs and 7.87 mM for N-ESCs. Metformin shows pronounced effects on activation of AMPK signaling in A-ESCs from secretory phase than in cells from proliferative phase^[3]. Metformin (0-500 μM) decreases glycogen synthesis in a dose-dependent manner with an IC₅₀ value of 196.5 μM in cultured rat hepatocytes^[4]. Metformin shows cell viability and cytotoxic effects on PC-3 cells with IC₅₀ of 5 mM^[5].

In Vivo: Metformin (100 mg/kg, p.o.) alone, and metformin (25, 50, 100 mg/kg) with isoproterenol groups attenuates myocyte necrosis through histopathological analysis^[1]. Metformin (> 900 mg/kg/day, p.o.) results in moribundity/mortality and clinical signs of toxicity in Crl:CD(SD) rats^[2].